Singular, Plural

The Noun is said to be singular when we speak or write of any one thing and said to be plural when we speak or write of two or more.

Formation of Plural from singular.

Adding   -s to the singular

Singular	Plural
book	books
pencil	pencils
chair	chairs
table	tables
egg	eggs
seat	seats
key	Keys

Adding -es to nouns ends with -s, ish, -ch,-x.

Singular	Plural
class	classes
dish	dishes
witch	witches
box	boxes
hors	horses
wish	wishes
bush	bushes

Adding   -s or –es to nous ends with –o

Singular	Plural
photo	photoes
dynamo	dynamoes
solo	soloes
ratio	ratioes
motto	mottoes
mango	mangoes
mosquito	mosquitoes
negro	negroes

Changing  -ves the words ends with -f or –fe

Singular	Plural
leaf	leaves
thief	thieves
knife	knives
wife	wives

Changing  -y into  -I and adding  -es to word that ends in y and are preceded by a consonant.

Singular	Plural
baby	babies
lady	ladies
city	cities
army	armies

Some words or foreign origin form plurals in different ways

Singular	Plural
analysis	analyses
basis	bases
bacillus	bacilli
bacterium	bacteria
nucleus	data
syllabus	errata
thesis	theses
tableu	tableaux
datum	data
erratum	errata
focus	foci, focuses
locus	loci
medium	media

Some nouns form their plurals by manges other than  -s or  -es.

Singular	Plural
child	children
ox	oxen
foot	feet
tooth	teeth
goose	geese
mango	men
woman	woman

Compound nouns form plurals by adding  -s to the main word or by making some change in the main word.

Singular	Plural
mother-in-law	mothers-in-law
daughter-in-law	daughters-in-law
commander-in-chief	commanders-in-chief
maid-servant	maid-servants
man-eater	man-eaters
looker-on	lookers-on
passer-by	passers-by
man-of-war	men-of-war
man-hour	man-hours

Some compound nouns form plurals by making both the parts or the compound noun plural.

Singular	Plural
woman-servant	women-servants
man-servant	men-servants